Hey folks, I just got my Master Crafter title, so I thought that I'd start writing up some guides for people:
Of all the crafts that I've finished off, I think Jewelry probably went the easiest, only because there is a highly uniform pattern to each tier--even moreso than the others.
Each tier has 75 points, excepting the last which has 100 (until future expansions)
Step One: Farm!
Your best bet in any of the crafts is to do a lot of farming first. This way, you can do most of your tier in one sitting and make exceptional use of Crafting Boosts. You will want to get around 350 ore and 3 of each of the seven gems--like Bushi said in the earliest post. I like to over-farm. I got 500 of my relevant ore and 25 of each kinds of gem. This ensures that I get my first 25 points for free and I have plenty of gems left over so I can sell Adorned gems at a very high profit on the Trading Post. Most gems, you'll find just by mining. You can find Coral by jumping into deep lakes--you'll see them as grass nodes, similar to kelp and clams.
Step Two: Smelt!
Smelt your copper/silver/gold/platinum/mithril until it goes grey.
You'll be 25 points into your tier and you will unlock...
Step Three: Filagree!
Make 21 Filagrees.
Make 7 Hooks, Bands, and Chains, each.
Make 21 Settings.
Step Four: Adoring Discoveries!
Discover each adorned gem by combining a Filagree with one of the seven gems. After discovering them, go into your Production menu and make 2 of each of them, for a total of 21 master gems.
Step Five: Highly Repetative Discoveries!
Discover one of every 21 combination of adorned gem, setting, and hook/band/chain. You will almost definitely go beyond your 75 points for the tier in this process. You can either make them all (and thus need to farm less ore for the next tier), or you can sell the remaining adorned gems on the Trading Post. Either is good.
Return to Step 1 with the next ore category.